On 31 May 2026, leaders from across Africa and India will gather in New Delhi, India, for the fourth India-Africa Forum Summit. The theme chosen for the summit captures that ambition: “IA SPIRIT: India Africa Strategic Partnership for Innovation, Resilience, and Inclusive Transformation.” The case for a deeper partnership between India and Africahas been sharpened by geopolitical tensions andglobal supply chain disruptions in recent times. The ongoing crisis in the Persian Gulf has sent tremors through energy markets worldwide. For Africa’s import-dependent economies, rising fuel costs cascade quickly into higher food prices, transport costs, and put pressure on already-stressed public finances. WhileAfrica faces significant threat to its energy security, the challenge is exacerbated by its significant vulnerability to climate change. There exists a significantgap in the global adaptation financing, which is now estimated at roughly $310 billion (UNEP, 2025) and is twelve times higher than the current international flows of the same. There is also a major debt distress spread across 21 African nations, thereby reducing the capabilities of the region to achieve climate resilience.